Internet of Things (IoT) Practice Exam

What is the role of capacitors in power circuits?

1. Increase resistance

2. Store energy for filtering

3. Act as a transducer

4. Enhance current flow

The correct answer is: Store energy for filtering

Capacitors play a vital role in power circuits primarily by storing energy and providing filtering capabilities. Their ability to store electrical energy enables them to smooth out fluctuations in voltage and current, which is essential for maintaining stable power supply. This energy can be released quickly when needed, helping to maintain consistent performance in electronic devices. In filtering applications, capacitors remove unwanted noise from the power supply, ensuring that the signals remain clear and manageable by creating a smoother output voltage. When integrated into power circuits, they enhance the overall reliability and efficiency of the electrical system by mitigating spikes and dips in power levels, a crucial factor for sensitive electronic components. This role contrasts with other potential functions like increasing resistance or acting as a transducer, neither of which aligns with the primary function of capacitors in power systems. While capacitors can influence current flow based on their charging and discharging cycles, their fundamental contribution is more accurately described as energy storage and filtration.